2 Stroke Cycle Engine Diagram

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This is a look at how a 2 cycle engine operates.  Because of ever increasing emissions regulations and controls, the 2 cycle engine is becoming less and less common.  What used to be a mainstay in the powersports industry (motorcycles, ATVs, snowmobiles, watercraft), the 2 stroke is now being replaced by the 4 stroke engine.  Shown below is a 2 stroke cycle engine diagram.  This particular diagram shows a hobby style rc nitro type engine.  The fundamentals are the same apart from the glow plug being replaced by a spark plug. 

On a 2 cycle engine, the piston in conjuction with ports in the cylinder wall act as the intake and exhaust "valves".  As the piston moves up and down, it covers/uncovers these ports at specific times to all the air/fuel mixture to enter and the exhaust gases to exit.  On a 4 stroke engine, there are separate valves that are actuated off a camshaft that control the intake and exhaust processes.  Below is another diagram showing some of the common parts of a 2 stroke engine.  Again, this is a hobby type engine, but the fundamental principles and components are the same.         

1. Carburetor Fuel Needle Valve.

2. Carburetor Throttle Barrel.

3. Carburetor Assembly.

4. Crankshaft End.

5. Crankshaft Inlet Port.

6. Crankcase

7. Crankshaft Counterbalance.

8. Crankshaft Pin.

9. Glow Plug (or Spark Plug).

10. Cylinder Head.

11. Head gasket.

12. Piston Crown.

13. Piston Pin.

14. Piston.

15. Connecting Rod.

16. Pull Start.

By design, two stroke engines have twice as many power strokes (explosions) for a given engine speed.  This means that the 2 stroke engine can usually make more power for a given engine size.  As a result, it has been popular with applications where a high power-weight ratio is needed.  Modern advances in 4 cycle engine technology has bridged the gap some, which has made the 2 stroke engine a little less advantageous.  However, more so, the pressure for cleaner burning engines has pushed many 2 cycle engines to the wayside.  Even so, it is useful to examine a 2 stroke cycle engine diagram to better understand this important engine design in the history of the internal combustion engine!  

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